Chemical and Bio-Chemical Fate of Phorate – Review

Abstract

Phorate is non-biocumulative and allergic organophosphate insecticide and nematode. Sulfur
containing derivatives of organophosphate pesticide like phorate are markedly less effective
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor than the oxygen containing derivatives. Long-term and low-level exposure to
phorate can cause disturbances in energy-related metabolism, liver and kidney function, the antioxidant
system, and DNA damage. The safe and effective use of pesticides requires knowledge of their mode of
action in pests and adverse effects in non-target organisms coupled with an understanding of their
metabolic activation and detoxification, keeping these things in mind we are going to write a review on
acephate. In this review we have studied the toxicity, mode of action, different methods of decomposition viz.
acidic, neutral and basic hydrolysis, decomposition in soil, decomposition by mammals, & decomposition in plants
and different spectroscopic methods of detection.